• 2009 - Knowingly (Dram Shop)
  • C-5.30
    • Dram Shop Act
    • Tort Liability
  • Knowingly means acting voluntarily and not because of mistake or inadvertence. It means a firm belief unaccompanied by substantial doubt. The knowledge need not be absolute. You must consider all the surrounding facts and circumstances in determining whether [name of Defendant] acted knowingly.
    • State v. Flath, 237 NW 792 (ND 1931)
    • State v. Gammons, 256 NW 163 (ND 1934)
    • State v. Heaton, 217 NW 531 (ND 1927)
    • State v. Kaufman, 310 NW2d 709, 713-714 (ND 1981) (a criminal case interpreting NDCC 12.1-02-02(1)(b))(knowingly).
    • State v. Stevens, 238 NW2d 251 (ND 1975)
    • Stewart v. Ryan, 520 NW2d 39, 49 (ND 1994)
  • Notes: